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Adenomyosis
Adenomyosis
WHAT IS
ADENOMYOSIS?
Heavy periods and pain are symptoms of adenomyosis, a condition in which the tissue that normally lines the uterus grows into its muscular wall. In order to reduce pain and bleeding without requiring extensive surgery, interventional radiology frequently uses focused ultrasound or uterine artery embolization to treat adenomyosis. These methods support fertility preservation and enhance quality of life.
causes
Endometrial cell invasion into the uterine muscle
Developmental origins
Inflammation after childbirth
Bone marrow stem cells
Retrograde menstruation
symptoms
Heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding
Severe menstrual cramps or sharp pelvic pain during periods
Chronic pelvic pain or a constant ache in the lower abdomen
Painful sexual intercourse
An enlarged, tender uterus
Bloating, digestive issues like constipation
Fatigue and exhaustion
if untreated?
Progressive worsening of symptoms such as heavy menstrual bleeding and severe pelvic pain.
Chronic iron-deficiency anemia due to persistent heavy bleeding, causing fatigue, weakness, and shortness of breath.
Infertility or difficulty conceiving, as the abnormal uterine lining may interfere with embryo implantation.
Increased risk of miscarriage and complications in pregnancy such as preterm birth and small for gestational age babies.
Enlargement of the uterus, sometimes causing a protruding abdomen ("adenomyosis belly") and pelvic pressure symptoms.
Reduced quality of life due to chronic pain and emotional distress, including potential anxiety or depression.
In severe cases, hysterectomy (surgical removal of the uterus) may become necessary for symptom relief.
diagnosis
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Transvaginal Ultrasonography (TVUS)
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The first-line imaging technique is transvaginal ultrasonography (TVUS), which is accessible and reasonably priced. A globular uterus, asymmetrical myometrial thickening, fan-shaped shadowing, and an irregular or interrupted junctional zone are some of the characteristics that may be present. Its specificity may be constrained, though.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
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When diagnosing adenomyosis, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has a higher sensitivity and specificity than TVUS. High-intensity myometrial foci, junctional zone thickening (>12 mm), and the ability to differentiate between focal and diffuse adenomyosis can all be clearly seen with MRI. When ultrasound results are unclear or complex, it is particularly helpful.
Hysteroscopy
Histopathology
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Although histological examination is rarely done purely for diagnosis prior to treatment, it is confirmed to show ectopic endometrial tissue within the myometrium following hysterectomy.
