Dr. Jenny Gandhi

702, 7th Floor, Solaris Kode, Near Khatu Shyam Temple, VIP Road, Vesu , Surat.
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Liver Cancer

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Liver Cancer

+91 90033 03373

Liver Cancer

Home

Liver Cancer

WHAT IS
LIVER CANCER?

A disease that involves two forms of liver cancer: metastatic liver cancer, which occurs when the cancer has spread from another organ to the liver, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which starts in the liver.

causes

Chronic Viral Hepatitis
Cirrhosis
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
Alcohol Abuse

symptoms

Unexplained weight loss without trying
Loss of appetite
Abdominal pain or discomfort
Nausea and vomiting
Fatigue or unusual tiredness
Jaundice
Swelling in the abdomen due to fluid buildup
Itchy skin caused by bile salts accumulating in the blood
Changes in bowel habits
A lump or fullness under the ribs on the right side
Pain near the right shoulder blade or back
Fever or unexplained bruising and bleeding

if untreated?

Patients with untreated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have an overall median survival of 6 to 9 months.
As the cancer progresses, survival drastically declines; patients who are left untreated at an advanced stage typically only live 4 to 8 months, whereas those who are left untreated at an early stage may live up to 2-3 years.
Tumor growth, which frequently results in liver failure and complications like ascites, is the primary cause of death in advanced or end-stage HCC.
The risk of death is three times higher for untreated cases than for treated ones.
Other cancers' liver metastases also signify advanced disease with a dismal prognosis in the absence of treatment.
If left untreated, liver cancer can cause progressive symptoms that can quickly lead to death, including worsening jaundice, severe abdominal pain, liver failure, coagulopathy, and cachexia.

diagnosis

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Ultrasound
  • Initial screening tool to detect liver lesions; can distinguish solid tumors from cysts and evaluate blood flow using Doppler imaging.
Computed Tomography (CT) Scan
  • Often a multiphase or triphasic CT scan which takes images at different times after contrast injection to assess tumors, size, location, and vascular invasion.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
  • Provides detailed images of liver tissue and blood vessels, useful for tumor characterization and staging. Special liver-specific contrast enhances detection.
Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Scan
  • Used especially for detecting metastases or advanced disease.
Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)
  • A tumor marker elevated in many hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cases.
Liver Function Tests
  • To assess liver damage and function including bilirubin, ALT, AST, and INR.
Needle Biopsy
  • A sample of liver tissue is taken with a fine or core needle for microscopic examination to confirm cancer diagnosis when imaging is inconclusive.
Laparoscopy
  • A minimally invasive procedure to visually inspect the liver and obtain tissue samples if necessary.

Interventional Radiology
treatment

Transarterial Chemo embolization

By specifically cutting off the tumor’s blood supply, transarterial chemotherapy embolization (TACE) is a minimally invasive tumor treatment technique. Here, a catheter is used to inject tiny embolic particles coated with chemotherapy medications straight into the artery supplying the tumor. By simultaneously preventing blood flow and administering concentrated chemotherapy, tumor cells are killed more efficiently and systemic side effects are reduced. In order to ensure accurate catheter placement, the procedure is typically performed under imaging guidance, frequently through a tiny incision in the wrist or groin.
Transarterial Radioembolization

It is a catheter-based delivery method in which Yttrium-90-containing radioactive microspheres are injected into the arteries supplying the tumor in place of chemotherapy. Localized radiation from these microspheres destroys tumor cells from the inside out while leaving healthy tissue unharmed. In addition to cutting off the tumor’s blood supply, this targeted radiation therapy gives the tumor a high dose of radiation.
Microwave Ablation

A minimally invasive technique called microwave ablation (MWA) produces heat and destroys tumor tissues by using electromagnetic waves in the microwave spectrum. Under imaging guidance from an ultrasound or CT scan, a thin antenna is inserted into the tumor during MWA. The microwave energy causes the water molecules in the tissue to oscillate rapidly, creating frictional heat that causes coagulative necrosis, which kills cells. MWA is less impacted by the cooling effect of surrounding blood vessels, can reach higher temperatures more quickly, and can ablate larger tumor volumes more uniformly.
Radiofrequency Ablation

Another minimally invasive method for treating tumors is radiofrequency ablation (RFA), which uses high-frequency electrical currents to produce heat and destroy cancer cells. The electrical current causes localized heating through resistive heating of the ionic tissue medium after a needle-like electrode is inserted into the tumor, leading to coagulative necrosis of the tumor. In contrast to MWA, RFA depends on the electric conductivity of tissues, which can occasionally result in incomplete ablation if there is charred or desiccated tissue present during the procedure.

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