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Peripheral Arterial Occlusive Disease
Peripheral Arterial Occlusive Disease
WHAT IS
PERIPHERAL ARTERIAL OCCLUSIVE DISEASE?
Reduced blood flow as a result of atherosclerotic (narrowed) arteries in the limbs, particularly the legs, is known as peripheral arterial occlusive disease. Common symptoms include claudication, or leg pain when walking, and in more severe cases, gangrene or ulcers. Exercise, medicine, and angioplasty or stenting are all part of the treatment.
causes
Atherosclerosis
Smoking
Diabetes
High Blood Pressure
High Cholesterol
Obesity
Age
Family History
Sedentary Lifestyle
symptoms
Painful muscle cramping or aching in the hips, thighs, or calves during walking or exercise
Muscle pain that improves with rest
Numbness or weakness in the legs
Coldness in the lower leg or foot compared to the other side
Hair loss or slower hair growth on the legs
Slow-growing or brittle toenails
Sores or ulcers on the feet or legs that heal slowly or do not heal
Skin color changes such as paleness or a bluish tint
Decreased or absent pulse in the legs or feet
Muscle wasting or shrinkage in the affected limb
In men, erectile dysfunction linked to decreased blood flow
if untreated?
Gangrene, where tissues die due to lack of blood flow, potentially leading to amputation.
Increased risk of heart attack and stroke due to plaque buildup in arteries supplying the heart and brain.
Chronic pain in the legs, which can become constant and severe even at rest.
Difficulty walking and reduced mobility from muscle pain and weakness.
Non-healing sores or ulcers on the legs and feet that can become infected.
Poor circulation making it harder for the body to fight infections in the affected limbs.
Progression to critical limb ischemia, a severe blockage causing intense pain and potential tissue loss.
diagnosis
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Physical Examination
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Checking for weak or absent pulses in the legs or feet, skin appearance changes, leg temperature, and listening for abnormal sounds called bruits that indicate turbulent blood flow.
Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI)
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A non-invasive test comparing blood pressure in the ankle to blood pressure in the arm. An ABI of less than 0.9 suggests PAD.
Doppler Ultrasound
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Uses sound waves to visualize blood flow and detect narrowed or blocked arteries.
Exercise Testing
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ABI measurements may be taken before and after exercise to detect PAD that only appears during activity.
Angiography
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Involves injecting contrast dye into arteries and taking X-rays (or CT/MRI angiography) to get detailed images of arterial blockages. This is often used before surgical or interventional procedures.
Blood Tests
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Assess risk factors like cholesterol, blood sugar, and markers of inflammation.
